Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith Audiobook

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• 
  Within
  April 5th, 2022
  

  

  The Arabs weren’t Advanced in civilization an exception is Ancient Yemen yet they were the most advanced linguistically. their Pagan Poems are stunningly advanced for their time and environment and the Quran can be part of that legacy although we don’t see it.
  The Arabic Language is still the one with the most consonants with ingenious script meant to make writing fast and balanced. Arabic Language script is so flexible that it allows omitting vowels and dots optionally. a reason why The Abbasid Caliphate in a short time had enlightenment at a time when translating was hard and so slow can be attributed to that. and thus today we use Arabic numbers and many words with Al in them in the scientific fields due to the Arabic language’s ability to always adapt and reform itself without hustle and bustle and yet its modern speaking people don’t realize its potential.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  ukulele12345
  April 6th, 2022
  

  all salami and bacon

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  possumisdead
  April 6th, 2022
  

  does this book contain their bomb recipes too?

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  Airfish
  April 6th, 2022
  

  

  “Strips away centuries of erroneous myth-making … ”
  That quote is for you, Tweedledum (possumisdead) and Tweedledee (ukulele12345)

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  iangel
  April 6th, 2022
  

  Thank you so much

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  April 6th, 2022
  

  It’s odd to suggest, as the descrip seems to, that the process of the Arabs invading & conquering lands is traceable to linguistic processes, rather than the advent of Islam. Islam was undoubtedly the catalyst for military expansionism. The author’s bio does reveal that he is not an historian, so yes, the emphasis is very much linguistic. At one point he observes that “freedom of speech” is incompatible with “high” Arabic as established in the Qur’an. One hopes otherwise. Sounds interesting nonetheless.

  Intriguingly, the number system actually originated in India. Arabic script runs right to left, whereas Indian scripts are written left to right. It would be absurd of a writing system to invent numbers which run the opposite direction from their script unless they were imported. Hence, they are Indian numerals not Arabic.

  (Lots of mathematical innovation overall from those clever Indians, such as fundamentals of calculus; zero, negative numbers for use in mathematical calculations; trig; the decimal system, etc.)

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  Within
  April 7th, 2022
  

  

  @caesar963
  Aha, How many languages do you speak? your beloved colonisers on the land of others in Palestine when they wanted to recreate their dead language of liturgy to become a daily one they USED, Guss what? Standard And quranic Arabic?

  Indian? the ones you are using are Arabic ones. the concept was driven by Indians but not the created numbers. one was meant to be clear for sight the current western one and another fast to write. Muslims with time used the fast technical one. instead of making an O for Zero you just make a Dot. The zero and Number system were already established in the middle east old civilizations long before the Indians the difference was that the Muslims when they were open-minded and enlighted creatively just developed it by making it a shorthand type of language. that’s why the internet uses something called Algorithm, an Arabic word.

  Sure they write from right to left, which is the most natural thing since the majority of humans are right-handed. and so were Greek and Latin written from right to left since their alphabets were taken guess from where? the Semitic languages. but then they switched to the left because they had a problem with ink writing. the people in the middle east didn’t have that problem since the weather mostly was hot so ink dried fast on paper another reason why the translation movement of the Abbasid era was one of the fastest and most successful in history.

  If all of these fundamentals were all there since forever then why we didn’t see them out there developing except in the Abbasid era? Al Khwarizmi was a fan of all previous knowledge from India and other cultures but mostly he was criticising them and fixed their mistakes in a polite way. like Ibn Sina did with Galen.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  scratchy
  April 7th, 2022
  

  @caesar963
  Arabic number system can be writen right to left.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  Loewe
  April 10th, 2022
  

  

  The Arabs developed the concept of irrational numbers, founded analytical geometry and established algebra and trigonometry as exact sciences. Their development of computational mathematics surpassed all the achievements of the past. Without the simplicity and flexibility of the Arabic numerals and the decimal system, along with the concept of the zero, Western science would have been almost impossible.

  The common factor in all of this scientific research activity was the Arabic language, which became the universal language of science. Then during the 12th and 13th centuries these Arabic studies began to be translated into Latin. Western scholars such as Adelard of Bath, Daniel of Morley, Gerard of Cremona, Johannes Campanus and many othes were responsible for translating many of the Arab works. These were, in later centuries, to form the foundation of our modern civilization.

  @caesar963 I don’t expect that your colonial pride and biased mindset would allow you to see through all those layers of stupidity.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  Loewe
  April 10th, 2022
  

  

  The Arabs developed the concept of irrational numbers, founded analytical geometry and established algebra and trigonometry as exact sciences. Their development of computational mathematics surpassed all the achievements of the past. Without the simplicity and flexibility of the Arabic numerals and the decimal system, along with the concept of the zero, Western science would have been almost impossible.

  The common factor in all of this scientific research activity was the Arabic language, which became the universal language of science. Then during the 12th and 13th centuries these Arabic studies began to be translated into Latin. Western scholars such as Adelard of Bath, Daniel of Morley, Gerard of Cremona, Johannes Campanus and many othes were responsible for translating many of the Arab works. These were, in later centuries, to form the foundation of our modern civilization.

  @caesar963 I don’t expect that your colonial pride and biased mindset would allow you to see through all those layers of prejudices.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  April 20th, 2022
  

  @scratchy - That’s interesting, is it actual practice? Can you provide a source for it? It doesn’t accord w any research.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  April 20th, 2022
  

  @Loewe - Now, what’s all this?! Last things first: my country was brutally colonised for over 800 yrs. My people have never colonised another country, put them to the imperial sword, or imposed any brutal caliphate/colony, any stigmatising signs on subject peoples, “special” taxes, including routinely abducting children from their families, or enslaved vast populations of human beings - we were enslaved, however. Can you say the same? Consequently, your standard attack measures leave me utterly cold. Nice try though.

  Merely because I’m not endorsing your narrowly quasi-nationalist framing & distortion of history, you must clumsily & variously label that as “stupidity” & “prejudice” - another intensely transparent tactic there.

  I cite several factual realities, and you hysterically react with a tirade of absolute silliness & absurdity. Repeated, even. This is very revealing & indicative of considerable insecurity. LOL - & a statement of fact is not “prejudiced.” We’re merely acknowledging an historical & numerical set of established facts. Wholly uncontroversial - or it ought to be - amongst reasonable people.

  The proven, recorded debt to the genius of India is, quite literally, incalculable. You’re unable to admit this of Indian achievements, and then rant about prejudices? You’re offended by my mention of India’s manifest & great invention. Another country that was brutally colonised, remember. Oy. You’re even manifestly prejudiced against me, and you know me not. As a fellow human being, I admit that I wish you nothing but good, and I refuse to descend to such clearly prejudicial & hateful mud-slinging.

  We must be careful about language. The first proof of the existence of irrational numbers is from a Pythagorean (poss Hippasus of Metapontum), who probably discovered them while identifying sides of the pentagram. Making contributions to these innovations is what later people do, but creating, inventing or first identifying is what ought to be acknowledged; and this is pointedly what you are not doing, with the genius Greeks or the superlative Indian intellectual tradition.

  Also, in the same connexion, on “founding analytical geometry” - the Greek mathematician Menaechmus solved problems & proved theorems by using a method that had a strong resemblance to the use of coordinates and it has sometimes been maintained that he had introduced analytic geometry. Apollonius of Perga, in On Determinate Section, dealt with problems in a manner that may be called an analytic geometry of one dimension; with the question of finding points on a line that were in a ratio to the others.

  Moreover, Analytic geometry was independently invented by René Descartes & Pierre de Fermat. Cartesian geometry, the alternative term used for analytic geometry, is named after Descartes.

  Again (oy!), Algebraic expression went through 3 distinct stages. The stages in the development of symbolic algebra are: Rhetorical algebra, which was first developed by the ancient Babylonians & remained dominant up to the 16th century.
  Syncopated algebraic expression, which first appeared in Diophantus’ Arithmetica (3rd century AD), followed by Brahmagupta’s Brahma Sphuta Siddhanta (7th century AD). Greeks & Indians, again! Gotta love the Greeks & Indians!

  And finally, Symbolic algebra. Early steps toward this can be seen in the work of several Islamic mathematicians, although fully symbolic algebra was developed by François Viète (16th century). Later, René Descartes (17th century) introduced the modern notation (for example, the use of x—see below) and showed that the problems occurring in geometry can be expressed and solved in terms of algebra (Cartesian geometry).

  And, Hipparchus, credited with compiling the first trigonometric table, has been described as “the father of trigonometry”.
  The Greeks were mostly concerned with the sky and the heavens. Therefore, Trigonometry started by studying the positions of the stars. Hipparchus is said to be the founder of Trigonometry, and Ptolemy wrote the Almagest, an important work on the subject.

  This systematic study of trigonometric functions originated in Hellenistic mathematics and made its way to India as Hellenistic astronomy. The study of trigonometric functions thrived in Indian astronomy throughout the Gupta period, thanks to Aryabhata, who developed the sine function.

  “Arabic numerals & the decimal system, along with the concept of the zero” - Again, each & every one an Indian achievement. Each & every one.

  Why can’t we all demonstrate appropriate generosity by recognising & acknowledging the actual achievers & sharing in that joy of common civilisational achievement - the inheritance of all humanity - rather than this grubby, narrow-minded empire-building?

  It would be entirely inappropriate if you were guessing in relation to all this; or even seeking to recruit & weaponise history for some nefarious purpose. I hope that’s not the case here.

  One of the many reasons you’re so very far off your target is that I actually regard Islam as one of the great traditions, which has indeed made contributions. However, when making claims, we must remain within the realm of the factual historical record. That’s what I always insist upon. No bizarre exaggerations, which, apart from anything else, only ever serve to undermine any legitimate points that might be made.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  April 20th, 2022
  

  @Within - Now, to the very least of these (a characteristically incoherent & absurdly fatuous stream of semi-consciousness). Again, were I you, I would certainly not draw attention to the issue of language proficiency. It almost takes a team of translators, tbh… Yet another subject for you to avoid, then. People like you - genocide-enthusiasts - tried to destroy my native language of Irish, when they brutally colonised us - one of the oldest living languages in Europe. Somewhat like the age-old persecution of the Jewish people & their homeland. But the language survived, as did my people - as a great “Phck you” to all imperialists everywhere - and of all cultural backgrounds, excepting none.

  Of course, your standard fascism, genocide-fetishism & Jew-hatred in evidence. I’ll pass over that repellent, mentally-diseased muck.
  We can add Indian-hating to that, I suppose. “Indian? not the created numbers” - Absolute sleazy falsehood. Indian numbers were created by the Indians. More absurd lies.

  And “tweaking” an already existing numerical system? You’re trying to smuggle that in as the superior achievement? Another act of barrel-scraping desperation. Never promote plagiarism. Plus, there’s a big variation in numerals even within India. Devanagari, Eastern Nagari, etc. Also it’s not just the zero but also the place value system. Indian concepts. Tweaking & mutation = not invention.

  Again, the concept of algorithm has existed since antiquity. “Algorithm” is merely a label on an existing conceptual scheme. This should not be so difficult. Arithmetic algorithms, such as a division algorithm, were used by ancient Babylonian mathematicians c. 2500 BC & Egyptian mathematicians c. 1550 BC. Greek mathematicians later used algorithms in 240 BC for finding prime numbers, & the Euclidean algorithm.

  The concept of zero fully developed in India around the 5th century A.D., perhaps a couple of centuries earlier. “The Indian [or numerical] zero, widely seen as one of the greatest innovations in human history, is the cornerstone of modern mathematics & physics, plus the spin-off technology,” said Peter Gobets, secretary of the ZerOrigIndia Foundation, or the Zero Project. The foundation, based in the Netherlands, researches the origins of the zero digit.

  The Zero Project gives Indians credit for developing numerical zero independently. “We are of the view that in ancient India are found numerous so-called ‘cultural antecedents’ that make it plausible that the mathematical zero digit was invented there,” said Gobets, whose organization is composed of academics and graduate students devoted to studying the development of zero. “The Zero Project hypothesizes that mathematical zero (’shunya’, in Sanskrit) may have arisen from the contemporaneous philosophy of emptiness or Shunyata,” said Gobets. If philosophical and cultural factors found in India were important to the development of zero as a mathematical concept, it would explain why other civilizations did not develop zero as a mathematical concept, said van der Hoek.

  Dr. George Gheverghese Joseph, the concept of zero first appeared in India around A.D. 458. Joseph suggests that the Sanskrit word for zero, śūnya, which meant “void” or “empty” and derived from the word for growth, combined with the early definition found in the Rig-veda of “lack” or “deficiency.” The derivative of the two definitions is Śūnyata, a Buddhist doctrine of “emptiness,” or emptying one’s mind from impressions and thoughts.

  “From this philosophy, we think that a numeral to use in mathematical equations developed,” said van der Hoek.
  “Zero and its operation are first defined by [Hindu astronomer and mathematician] Brahmagupta in 628,” said Gobets.
  “We now know that it was as early as the third century that mathematicians in India planted the seed of the idea that would later become so fundamental to the modern world. The findings show how vibrant mathematics have been in the Indian sub-continent for centuries.”

  Incidentally, it’s difficult to maintain rational ground of any description when you’ve expressed your desire to actually see (participate in?) another Holocaust. Can you not appreciate the distinctions here at all?

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  JOKBinNoon
  June 14th, 2022
  

  

  @caesar963 seems to be a racist delusional entity. Some people, like @caesar963, have so much hate and burn on the inside from all the envy. The good news is that they destroy themselves from the inside and are never happy, so don’t bother responding to them.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  June 22nd, 2022
  

  …more mindless matter & weaponised hatred.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  jeanlucpicard63
  February 11th, 2023
  

  caesar963 is a Zionist, not some run of the mill trailer park redneck. I recognized the pattern.
  The majority of anti Arab or Moslem rhetoric written online are by Zionists. There exists alert apps sponsored by the Israeli govt for users to flame anything detrimental to Zionism or portraying Arabs or Moslems in a too positive light.

  I know this for a fact, because I have friends that have the apps on their phones and laptops. I know it’s cringe worthy, I’ve told them as much, that it makes Jews look bad,and feeds into the stereotypes of racist propaganda.
  I disassociate myself from their actions and have tried to speak to their reason, logic and conscience.
  My Rebbe told me they’re blinded by false secular teachings and because they’re non observant Jews, but three of them are, I didn’t tell him that though.

  Those that engage in this activity do a disservice to the Jewish community worldwide. I was taught a person is judged on the merits of their deeds, not by trying to make others look bad or discredit or take credit for what others have done.

  Food for thought.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  March 16th, 2023
  

  I think the Holocaust was, on balance, a bad thing, that the fundamental human rights of all ought to be respected, and do not hate anyone, as my own country in Western Europe was riven by such conflict. Of course, it’s not necessary for me to be Jewish to recognise this. - “You filthy Zionist dog!” (standard, hateful reaction, at this fraught juncture.)

  “The majority of anti Arab or Moslem rhetoric written online are by Zionists.” - And the majority of mindless Jew hatred online? Who’s scribbling that odious bumf? Is it writing itself at this point? Can certainly seem so. Shouldn’t we condemn it all? Or is it merely about “othering” them - yet again?

  “makes Jews look bad,and feeds into the stereotypes of racist propaganda.” - Of course, they’ll always look bad in any event, won’t they? You scarcely need yet more motivation for stereotypical racist propaganda.

  “I disassociate myself from their actions & have tried to speak to their reason, logic & conscience.” - And the characters that I’m vainly trying to reason with here, who want the genocide of Jewish human beings, for which they will “feel no pity” - do you also “disassociate” yourself from them? Because, by targetting my condemnation of them, you are now supporting them. Well done. Do you finally begin to recognise the pattern?
  And the requisite con theorising, into the rancid bargain.

  Indeed, food for thought…

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  hedgehogstar
  September 3rd, 2024
  

  @caesar963

  more 15raeLIE gutter trash…. typical of the blight of nations

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith
• 
  caesar963
  October 14th, 2024
  

  Yet more racist-hog trash. Devoid of intelligence, and indicative of educational failure & hateful fascism.
  Although I accept your manifest lack of logical argument, and your consequent ignominious capitulation.
  Easy win.

  Arabs: A 3,000-Year History of Peoples, Tribes, and Empires - Tim Mackintosh-Smith

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